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|
Type |
Causes |
Serum electrolyte abnormalities: |
Hypokalemia |
Hyponatremia |
|
Hypomagnesemia |
|
Hypermaganesemia |
Bacterial causes: |
Bacterial disbiosis of “friendly”
bacteria in the intestine |
Sepsis |
|
Necrotizing enterocolitis |
|
Pneumonia |
|
Nephrolithiasis, Cholecystitis, Pancreatitis, Perforated Duodenal Ulcer |
Fungal causes: |
Actinomycosis |
Parasitic causes: |
Presence of parasitic intestinal worms,
e.g., pinworms. During the phase of overgrowth, the amount of worms can cause
painful ileus-like symptoms. This cycle repeats every
4 to 6 weeks. |
Hormonal causes: |
Hypothyroidism |
Mechanical causes: |
Bezoar, or bowel obstruction |
Dental problems, presence of spurs, molar
overgrowth |
|
Pyloric stenosis |
|
Intestinal
stenosis |
|
Presence of gallstones in the intestinal
lumen |
|
Presence of parasitic worms |
|
Malrotation |
|
Post-surgical adhesions |
|
Volvulus, a surgical
emergency. It can cause
ischemia of the intestine, leading to shock and death. |
|
Incarcerated hernia (higher risk of
strangulation) |
|
Anorectal abnormalities |
Neoplasm: |
Gastric, colon, pancreatic or ovarian
cancer |
Colonic polyps |
Skeletal causes: |
Trauma |
Rib fracture |
|
Vertebral fracture (most frequent in
rabbit: lumbar fracture) |
Nervous causes: |
Aganglionosis |
Stress |
|
Pain |
Medication causes: |
Barium |
Narcotics |
|
Phenothiazines |
|
Diltiazem or Verapamil |
|
Anticholinergic Medications |
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